![]() ![]() "We had reached a point where we needed to minimize our losses and start over," he said. ![]() His 49-year old brother Rony agreed the decision wasn't easy but it was best for their children's future. It's not easy at all and it leaves me with a big pang in my heart," Ralph Khoury said. "Imagine that after 32 years of work and all these experiences you are closing this chapter. The Khoury brothers are now packing up to leave for Georgia, aiming for their families to join them within a year, a painful decision despite the prospect of a better life. Lebanese are granted one-year tourist visas on arrival in Georgia where it is relatively easy to open a bank account and set up a business that enables them to be granted residency. Khoury scouted Georgia over this summer with his brother Rony, looking for an emerging economy where he could use his real estate expertise and start a business from scratch. Lebanon's financial system collapsed in 2019 after decades of corruption and inefficiency, an economic crisis that has since spiralled amid political bickering, COVID-19 lockdowns and a Beirut port blast in August 2020 that killed over 200 people and destroyed large swathes of the city - and was the final straw for many. Many of those leaving the country are dual nationals who already posses second passports or residency elsewhere, he said.īut for the Khoury family and many others, that is not the case. Ramzi Ramy, the agency's head of communications, maintains that massive queues that swelled noticeably in August were partly due to a rush of students travelling to study abroad ahead of the start of the academic year. Passport applications at Lebanon's General Security Directorate are peaking at 8,000 a day, far above the agency's capacity to process 3,500, the agency says. Many citizens who never intended to leave now feel forced to embark on a new life elsewhere. Lebanon's economic meltdown over the past few years has taken its toll on Lebanese as they grapple with shortages of basic medicines, hours' long queues for fuel and inflationary pressures accompanying a 90% slump in the local currency that have made daily life a struggle. "If there was any reason for hope I would go back on this decision in a second, but there is none," the 44-year old father of two daughters said. The authors have declared no competing interest.BEIRUT- After spending three decades building up a real estate business he inherited from his father, Ralph Khoury now finds himself packing up his home an hour from Beirut to start a new life in a country he little expected to visit: Georgia. Finally, our simulations show that the variation in extinction time, given a set of parameters, is surprisingly small. We confirm that intermediatesized deleterious selection coefficients minimize the extinction time. We find accurate analytical results for the mean extinction time, which show that the deleterious mutation rate has the strongest effect on the extinction time. Extinction is the result of three consecutive processes: (1) initial accumulation of deleterious mutations due to the increased mutation pressure (2) consecutive loss of the fittest haplotype due to Muller’s ratchet (3) rapid population decline towards extinction. Here, we compute the extinction time of a population under high mutation rates, using both analytical approaches and stochastic simulations. To determine the usefulness and expected success of such an antiviral treatment, estimates of the expected time to mutational meltdown are necessary. Possible applications of this concept include medical treatment of RNA virus infections based on mutagenic drugs that increase the mutation rate of the pathogen. Mutational meltdown describes an eco-evolutionary process in which the accumulation of deleterious mutations causes a fitness decline that eventually leads to the extinction of a population. ![]()
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